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B. W. KADEL ET AL TRUCK FOR RAILWAY ROLLING STOCK Nov. 24, 1931. Re. 18,266 l Original Filed Dec. 3, 1927 4 Sheets-Shes l B. W. KADEL ET AL TRUCK FOR RAILWAY ROLLING STOCK Nov. 24, 1931.

Original Filed Dec. 3. -1927 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 B. W. KADEL ET AL.

TRUCK FOR RAILWAY ROLLING STOCK Nov. 24, 1931. 1 Re. 18,266

Original Filed Dec. 3, 1927 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 gnuentow /e/:s Winde/d'4 .ana/a :26o/Tow@ B. w. KADi-:L` Er AL TRUCK FOR RAILWAY ROLLING STOCK Nov. 24, 1931. Re. 18,266v

Original Filed Dec. 3, 1927 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Reissued Nov. 24, 1931 i' gUNITTED sTATEs PATENT OFFICE BYERS W. KABEL, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND, AN D DONALD S. BARROWS F ROGHESTER, NEW YORK i TRUCK FOR RAILWAY ROLLING STOCK l Original No. 1,727,886, dated September 10, 1929, Serial No. 237,442, tiled December 3, 1927. Application for reissue flledv October 17, 1931. Serial No. 569,528. I

. This invention relates to trucks for rail-7 way rolling stock and more particularly to the construction of the side frames, holsters and spring planks thereof as well as the arrangement of the bolster springs disposed between said frames and bolsters for supporting the latter.

The principal object of .our invention, generally considered, is the improvement in 10 trucks for railway rolling stock and particularly the side frames, bolstersf' spring planks, spring plates and the arrangement and construction of the bolster springs whereby increased capacity is secured.

An object of our invention is to provide car trucks formed with side frames in which the tension member between the bolster guide columns is preferably, though not necessarily, reinforced at the critical points adjacent the junctions with the bolster guide columns as well as rigidly supported and :strengthened by reinforcing portions extending upwardly from near the center of the spring plank Aseat portion diagonally up.- wardly and outwardly past the bolster guide columns toward each end of the frame, the upper web of the tension member between the bolster guide columns being laterally wid-I vide a car truck formed with integral -sidev frames preferably comprising a plurality of truss structures, yat least one of said structures having inclined vportions meeting substantially on the transverse center line of 'said side frame and yat least 'one of the other trusses having the inclined portions disposed beyond the Awindow opening in the frame, said first truss portions. thereby cutting across corners of the window opening and the upper web of the tension member beneath said opening being widened for supporting bolster springs and a nest of springs supported on' said widened portion of the tension member and comprising a'main group of elliptic springs and auxiliary helical springs disposed on opposite sides of said velliptic springs, Said helical springs being preferably of such a height that! they are not stressed until the elliptic springs have been compressed a. predetermined amount. y

A further object vof our invention is the provision of a car truck with integral side frames and bolster springs involving a combination of ellipticV and helical springs whereby increased capacity is secured so that the truck is admirably adapted for use with cars of the type used as tenders for locomotives. A- still further object of our invention is 7n the provision of a side frame provided with horizontal, preferably corrugated Webs -adjacent the ends thereof adapted to serve as' jacking pads. n Y

An additional object of our invention is 'l5 to provide a novel spring grouping for bol-t ster springs involving preferably a plurality A of sets of transversely disposed elliptic springs adapted to be positioned centrally of the spring supporting portion of an associated side frame and a pair of transversely spaced helical spring units disposed on either side of said elliptic springs, said helical' springs, if desired, being so short that they do not come into action until the elliptic springshave been stressed a predetermined amount, whereby Ytheir capacity is substantially reserved4 for unusual stresses;

Another object ofl our inventionis' the prdvision of a car truck formed with side` frames having tension members with upperl laterally widened webs for supporting bolster springs, said s rings comprising transversely disposed e iptic's'prings and transversely spaced helical spring units on either side of said elliptic springs, the distance between each pair of helical spring units being bridged by spring caps and a bolster supported on said elliptic springs and helical spring caps and so constructed that 10 interlockin engagement is provided with respect to tie spring caps.

Other objects and advantages of the in- 'vention relating to the particular arrangement and construction of the various parts will become apparent as the description proceeds.

Referringf to the drawings illustrating our invention, the scope whereof is defined by the appended claims,-

Figure 1 is a partial side elevation of a truck particularly showing a portion of a side frame thereof with its associated spring plank, bolster and nest of springs.

Figure 2 is a plan of the spring plank seat portion of the frame showing a preferred manner of placing the elliptic and helical springs with respect to a preferred design,

of frame having auxiliary reinforcements 0 between the lower ends of the bolstervguide columns and the spring supporting portion of the frame.

Figure 3 is a central transverse sectional view of the frame particularly illustrating tlie manner in which the bolster is supported by the nest ofsprings employed.

' vFigure 4 is a partial side elevation of a truck,'as in Figure 1, but showing a modi- "iication.

Figure 5 isa plan view of the spring plank and spring arrangement illustrated in Figure 4.

Figure 6 is a view corresppnding to Firrure 4, except that al pair of transversely disposed elliptic spring sets are employed rather than one set and the helical or coil springs are' so short that they do not come into action'until the elliptic or leaf springs have been somewhat compressed. i

Figures 7 and 8 are views corresponding,

respectively, to Figures 4 and 5 but showing a modification in which two transversely arranged leaf springs are employed. with two longitudinally disposed coil spring units, the latter of which rest on pedestals or ele- -vated portions of the spring plank seat.

' Figures 9/ and 10 are fragmentary views corresponding to Figures 7 and 8, respectively, yexcept, that two elevated coil springs are employed on each side of the leaf springs straddling the columns instead of being placed partly inside ythe same.`

' Figures lLand 12iare views correspondr ing, respectively, to `Figures 4 and .5 but showing a still further modification in which Athe leaf spring setis disposed longitudinally vof the frame and three coil spring units are positioned on either side of said' leaf spring set.

parts beingdesignated by like reference characters, and lirst considering the embodi` nient of our invention illustrated in Figs.

1, 2 and 3, there is shown a portion of a truck a comprising a side frame 1, preferably formed a compression member 2, tension mem Referringy to the drawings in detail, `like* certain advantages of our invention may be obtained when .using frames of other than cast construction. baid frame 1 comprises er 3, and bolster'giuide columns or strut portions 4 spacing intermediate portions of said-compression and tension members leaving a window opening 5 therebetween. The compression and tension members in the present embodiment are shown joined to each other and to a' jaw-shaped portion 6 adjacent each end yof the'frame, which portions 6 are adapted to embrace and be connected to associated journal boxes, not shown, retainers 7 being preferably employed in this connection, or,

"if desired, journal boxes may be integrally connected to the ends ofl said frame. Those portions of the frame between the inner'sides of the jaws and the adjacent inclined end portions of the tension member are preferably provided with vhorizontally disposed web portions 8, the lower surfaces of which are desirably ribbed orv corrugated as indicated at 9 to 'serve as jacking pads.

The tension member 3 between the bolster fying and strengthening the side frame and particularly the tension member and the junctions between the tension member and bolster guide columns, said tension member is preferably upwardly convoluted or embossedalong the longitudinal center line of the frame adjacent the` junctions with the bolster' guide columns to form upper diagonally disposed web portions `13 which start near the center of the spring plank seat portion or upper web of the tension member and extend' diagonally upward through the 'bolster guide columns towards the ends of the framein a manner similar or identical to" that disclosed in the patent of Donald S. Barrows, No. 1,652,808, dated December 13, 1927. This construction results, in effect, in a bifurcation of the upper webportion of the'tension member producing triangular or inclined reinforcements atv plank 14 is adapted to engage, thereby obviating the necessity of the usual squaring lugs which, however, may be employed if desired. y

' This reinforcement 13 also'has theeifect of ,reducing the effective depth of the window opening 5 for the insertion' of the bolster 15, thereby making it desirable tov decrease the height ofthe front or outer guide lugs, or eliminating them entirely as in thepreferred embodiment now being described, so that the. bolster may be inserted and withdrawn without diiculty. The rear or inner bolster guides may be of greater depth, if desired.

For providing adequate spring supporting area, the upper web r between the bolsterl guide columns gegning the spring Y plank seat portion is la rally extended beyond the webs 12 as indicated at 16. These extensions are preferably braced with respcet to the webs 12 by triangular gusset portions 17. The webs of the box-shaped portion of the tension member may be likewise braced interi'orly by web or gusset portions 18, as shown most clearly in Figure 3.

Considering the tension' member 3, it will be seen that the main portion thereof is substantially horizontal between the bolster guide columns 4 on its vupper portion and curved at its lower portion beneath the bolster guide columns. This portion also decreases in depth from the center towards the ends thereof. The spring plank lseat portion or upper web 10 is extended diagonally upward from the sides of the window opening 5 toward the ends of the frame, the lower web 11 curving beneath the bolster guide columns and extending diagonally upwardly and slightly converging with respect to the diagonal portion of the upper web, 10.

' The extreme upper portions 13 of the tension member or those portions convoluted, bifurcated or branching from the main web 10 adjacent the central portions are preferably of less width than the main portion of bolster the tension member and may be of a width corresponding approximately to that of the uide columns at the upper or outer ends and as illustrated may be tapered or de- 'creased in width slightly toward the inner ends.. Although these portions are shown adjacent the longitudinal center line of the frame, they may be formed as two transversely spaced portions extending upwardly and outwardly and spring units now positi ed on either side thereof may be disposed therebetween. On account of the Yreinforcements 13, the area of the spring supporting portion 10 of the tension member effective for supporting the bolster springs is decreased and it is necessary to similarly con- ,volute the spring lplank 14 so that.' it will properly nest on the spring supporting portion of the frame. When the spring plank 14 is thus correspondingly convoluted or embossed, as indicated at 19, interlocking engagement is provided because the embossments 19 in the plank it over the reinforce! disposed transversely of the frame and preferably centrally positioned with respect to the spring plank seat portion and a pair of `helical spring units 22 disposed on either side thereof and transversely spaced so as to clear the reinforcements 13.

Each spring unit 22 may be of the usual double coil type or, if less capacity is desired, single coils only need be employed. Each spring unit 22 may be centered by fitting over a squaring collar on an associated spring plate such as described in connection with the `Barrows patent, No. 1,652,808 heretofore reband 25 on the springs whereby said band.

rests directly on the spring plank seat portion 10, rather than on the spring plank. The upper band `of the elliptic springs may be correspondingly inset into the bolster as indicated in Figure 3.

In order to avoid providing such a large supported area on the bolster and to facilitate insertion and removal of the bolster with respect to the associatedside frames, each pair of transversely spaced helical springs units'22 is provided with a spring cap 26 straddling the springs and bridgingthe distance therebetween and extending over the reinforcements 13 of the frame. spring caps are desirably provided with downwardly opening pockets 27 receiving the upper ends of the springs 22 and assisting in properly centering the same on the associated spring plank 14. Each spring cap 26 is desirably provided with bolster guiding flanges 28 adapted to embrace the bolster guide columns and interlock the spring caps and associated bolster in proper relation with respect to the frame. der to avoid the necessity of providing interlocking flanges on the bolster, provision is 'made for interlocking the bolster with relwith respect to the associated frame. For

this purpose each springtcap 26 is 'formed Said' In ort with a centrally upstanding lug or boss 29 andthe bolster is provided with a corresponding downwardly opening socket or pocket 30 receiving said boss and thereby lsecurely locking the bolster in place.

In the present embodiment the elliptic springs 21 are shown of a free height greater than the corresponding height of the helical springs whereby, in order to properly tageously use all the available spring-'seating is employed.

portion of the tension member while at the same time obviating the necessity of providing a bolster with an unduly large supported area. 0n account of having the supported area on the bolster relatively narrow transf versely of the frame a normal amount of rocking between the bolster and the. frame 4is adequately provided for.

Referring now to the embodiment ot our invention illustrated in Figures 4 and 5, a construction is there disclosed in which a frame 1 of the #double truss type, as heretofore described in detail in the Barrows Pat-cnt No. 1,652,808, previously referred to,

A spring plank '14L of a constru tion similar to that previously described in connection with the first embodiment is also used, the'same being apertured beneath the singleelliptic spring set 2l for properly centering said set and upwardly corrugatedas indicated at 19 to cause the same yto interlock with reinforcements 13 on the side frame.

Instead of forming the spring plank with end fianges or gussets for properly centering the vhelical springs 22l spring plates 32 both top and bottom are provided, said plates being desirably formed with spring centering collars 33 and upwardly corrugated or embossed as indiatcd at 34 to correspond with thecorrugtions 19 on the spring plank,

thereby properly interlocking the lower plate 32 and plank together.

ln the present instance no spring caps are employed so that the bolster 15 .is pro, vided` with a correspondingly elongated spring supported portion and is likewise necessa rily provided With some means for in-v terlocking the same directly with the'- bolster guide columns 4, said means in the present instance taking the-ormof guide anges 35,

the outer ones of which are of such a. height that they arel movable through those .por-

tions of the bolster opening 5* which are widened beneath the bolster guiding portions of the guidel columns. As in the previous embodiment, the lower surface of the bolster is preferably upwardlyolfset for receiving the elliptic spring and the upper spring plate 32 is preferably apertured like the lower spring plate so that the elliptical spring directly supports the bolster. Except as specilically described the present embodiment may correspond.- substantially with that of the first embodiment'.

Referring now'to the embodiment of our invention illustrated in Figure 6, a construction, is there di sclosedwhich may 4be idenand the helical springs 22h are of such a re-` duced heightthat they'do not come into play until the elliptic springs have been compressedl ,a predetermined amount, thereby providing a reserve capacity for supporting the associated bolster 15b on the tension member 3" of the frame 1.

Referring now to the embodiment of our Vinvention illustrated in Figures 7 and 8, a

construction is there disclosed in which a different type of frame 1 is utilized, said frame being of a type in which the spring supporting portion or Web 10 of the tension member 3 is on two different levels, that is, a main spring supporting level "and pedestals or upwardly embossed spring supporting portions 13 adjacent each bolster guide column 4. The purpose of providing auxiliary raised spring supporting portions l 13 is to avoid unduly extending the Horizontal portion of the tension member beneath the bolster guide columns, while at the same time avoiding decreasing the'depth thereof where the outer or auxiliary springs aresupported. i

,ln the present; embodimentwe employ two sets of elliptic springs 21 disposed trans-y versely of the frame as in the previous e111-, bodiments, said sets resting directly on a relatively narrow spring plank 14, said springy plank being in the present embodiment shownA straight and not interlocking with the upwardly embossed or raised portions 13 of the spring supporting portion, but, as will be obvious, the same may, if desired, be arranged to interlock with said portions. The bolster 15 is formed to not only rest on the elliptic springs 21 but is provided with upwardly offset side portions 36 which are supported on the auxiliary helical springs 22 which in turn rest on the raised spring supporting portions or pedestals 13. Spring plates 37 are desirably provided `for the helical springs 22 for properly retaining them in position, the lower spring plates. as illustrated, being each provided with a spring centering collar 38 and depending'flanges 39 adapted to embrace the associated pedestal 13 and hold the plate in place. Longitudinal movement of the plates is limited by the adjacenty bolster guide column on one side and the elliptic springs 'on the other. It will be noted that the bolster guide columns 4 areso formed that the upper ends of the helical springs 22 and associated upperspring plates are embraced between the side portions thereof and the bolster 15, instead of being provided with flanges interlocking tions of the columns is rather provided with a lug 40 on each side thereof fitting between the bolster. guidingflanges 41 on the associated bolster guide column. The details of construction not specifically described may correspond substantially with those of the previous embodiments.

Referring now to the embodiment of our invention illustrated in Figures 9 and 10, a construction is there disclosed which may be identical with that of the embodiment'illustrated in Figures 7 and 8, except that instead of having only one elevated coil spring on each side of the leaf spring sets there are two elevated coil springs sets 22d on each side of the elliptic sets 21d, saidV coil springs straddling or being disposed on opposite sidesof the bolster guide columns 4d instead o f being embraced thereby.O The bolster 15i is of the conventional type provided with flanges 35d,

' as shown in Figure 9, embracing the bolster construction is there disclosed involving a guide portions ofthe columns 4d and holding the bolster in proper assembled relation with respect yto the frame 1d. Except as specifically described the construction of the present embodiment may correspond with vthat of the modification illustrated in Fig-` ures 7 and 8.

Referring now to the embodiment of our invention illustrated in Figures 11 and 12, a

side frame le of vthe double truss type, as illustrated in Figures 1 to 6, in-clusive, said frame having a compression member 2e, a tension member` 39 and bolster guide columns 4". As in the embodiment illustrated in Figures 4 and 5, only one elliptic spring set 21e is employed but said spring set is disposed longitudinally of the frame rather than trans-- verselyy thereof, the ends of said elliptic springs extending over the reinforcing portions 13e between the spring supporting porytion`l0e of the tension member 3 and the bolster guide columns 4e and thereby overlying portions of the upper web of the tension member which would not be suitable for supporting springs anyway.

As in the previous embodiments, the spring plank 14e is corrugated to vcorrespond with the reinforcements 13 as indicated at 19e so that said plank interlocks with the frame by having portions nesting with the corrugations 13a. spring plank is formed with a downwardly offset central portion 42 fitting in a correspondingly depressed portion in the upper web of the tension member and a. spring plate 32e is employed which is corrugated to correspond with the spring plank 14e, thereby interlocking the same in place with re- In the presentY embodiment the y' is similarly formed for convenience of manufacture and the bolster is upwardly offset to 'of helical s ring units 22e said s rinfr units restingvon the spring plank or the lower spring plate and 'assisting the elliptic springs in supportingthe bolster-15e. Said bolster is formed with a sufliciently extended lower surface for engaging not only the top of the elliptic springset but also the tops of the six helical spring units, as illustrated in the present embodiment. As in the previous embodiment, the bolster is preferably provided with outstanding guiding fianges 35B embracing the bolster guiding portions of the columns and of a height sufficiently reduced to permit removal and insertion o'f said bolster, as will be understood. .The details of construction not specifically described may correspond substantially with those described in connection with previous embodiments.

From the foregoing description of our invention, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, it will be seen that we have devised a novel form of truck which is admirably adapted for use with locomotive tenders, because provision for greatly increased capacity is made and elliptic springs as conventionally used on tender trucks are employed in part. Although some specific embodiments have been illustrated, we do not wish to be limited to the details as various changes may be made therein .without departing from the spirit and scope' of our invention as defined by the appended claims. From the specific embodiments illustrated and described, it will be apparent that we contemplate not only using elliptic springs disposed transversely of then frames but also longitudinally therelof and thatone orI a plurality of elliptic spring sets may be .employed with two or more helical spring setsdisposed on opposite sides of the elliptic spring set or sets. Said helical spring sets may be arranged to 'either directly support the associated bolster, or spring caps or yokes 'may be employed with said springs, which in turn support the bolster and, if desired, provide for interlocking the same with respect to the frame. The elliptic springs'may be centered with respect to the associated members by fitting into apertured portions or pockets and the helical springs may be centered 1n a conventional manner as by means of centering collars on associated spring plates, or

lembracing iianges on the spring plank. The

lasv

uiding iianges on the columns which emrace the corresponding bosses on the bolster.

Althougha preferred construction involves' the employment of doubletruss side frames or frames constructed in accordance with the Barrows Patent N o. 1,652,808, referred to, it will be apparent that our Ainvention is not limited to such use, for. as illustrated particularly in Figures 7 to 10, inclusive, a frame of a different type may be employed and it will be obvious that other types of frames may likewise be employed while still obtaining some of the benefits of the invention. l i Although the appended claims deine an invention in a car truck, it is obvious that the term car truck includes tender trucks, and is not limited to specific types ofl railway rolling stock, but broadlyembraces` them all.

Having now described our invention, we

claim l i l o l l l 1. In a, rallway truck, m' comblnatlon, a

side vframe formed with compression and tension members spaced at intermedlate portions thereof by bolster guide columns leaving a bolster opening therebetween, the tension member beneath the bolster opening being formed with a spring supporting portion, anda nest of springs supported by said portion and comprising an elliptic spring and helical springs for supporting the bolster load, said spring supporting portion being laterally extended to underlie the bearing portions ofV said springs.

2. In a railway truck, in combination, a side frame'comprising compression and tension members spaced at intermediate .por-

A' tions thereof by bolster guide columns leavmg a window opening-therebetween, that portion of the tension member beneath the window opening being laterally widened with the junction between it and the bolster guide columns reinforced by upwardly embossed portions, and a nest of springs supported on said portion of the tension member said springs Vcomprising elliptic springs disposed between s'aid embossed portions and helical springs disposed on opposite sides of said elliptic, springs adjacent said embossed portions.

3. In a railway truck, in combination, a side frame comprising a compression member, a tension member, bolster guide columns interposed therebetween and spaced to -leave a window opening, that portion of the tension member beneath the window opening being formed or',supporting anest of springs and reinforced with respect to the bolster guide columns by upwardly extending embossments between the ends of said portions and said bolster guide columns, said embossments lying along the longitudinal center line of the frame, elliptic bolster supportmg springs positioned on Vsaid spring supporting portion of the tension member between said embossments, and helical springs positioned on opposite sides 'of said elliptic springs and embossments lfor supporting an associated bolster. I

4. In a railway truck, in combination, a side frame comprising a compression member, a tension member, bolster guide columns spacing intermediate portions of said members and leaving a window opening therebetween, that portion of the tension member beneath the window opening beingk formed with Iembossments extending from the ends thereof to the bolsterguide c'ol umns, a spring plank supported on said tension member and formed with corruga-` tions interlocking with the embossments to `maintain said plank in proper relation with respect to the frame, and a nest of springs supported on said plank and comprising elliptic springs disposed adjacent the center line of said plank, and helical springs disposed adjacent the sides of said plank and said corrugations.

5. In arailway truck, in'l combination, a side frame comprising a compression member, a tension member, bolster guide columns spacing intermediate portions of said members and leaving a window opening therebetween, that portion of the tension member beneath the Window opening being formed with embossments extending from the end-s thereof to the bolster guide columns, a spring plank supported on said tension meming with the embossments to maintain the plank inl proper relation with respect to the frame, a. nest of springs supported on said spring plank and comprising an elliptic ber and formed with corrugations interlockspring set disposed on the center line of 'the 105 spring plank, and a plurality of helical spring sets disposed adjacent the sides of the spring plank and on Opposite sides of the P' corrugations therein.

6.In a railway4 truck in combination, a 110 side frame formed with compression and tension 4members spaced at intermediate portions thereof by bolster guide columns leaving a bolster opening therebetween, the

tension member beneath the bolster opening being formed with a, spring seating portion adapted to support a nest of springs comprisingan elliptic spring set resting on the central portion of said sprlng seating portion and helical springs disposed on opposite ithel Side of the elliptions, thereof `by bolster guide columns 130 being formed for supporting a nest of springs and reinforced by inclined portions extending upwardly and outwardly from intermediate springs of said nest of springs toward the ends of the frame, said spring seat portion being extended longitudinally of the frame in a substantially horizontal `plane to provide for supporting the end springs of said nest of springs, helical springs supported on said extended portion of the spring plank seat portion, and elliptic springs supported on the intermediate portion t-hereof between the inclined reinforcing portions.

9. In. a railway truck, in combination, a side frame formed with compression and. tension members spaced at intermediate portions thereof by bolster guide columns leaving a bolster opening therebetween, the tension member beneath the bolster opening being formed with a spring seating portion and a nest of springs seated on said spring seating portion and comprising elliptic springs supported on the intermediate portions of said spring seating portion, and helical springs supported on opposite sides of said elliptic springs, spring caps resting on the tops of pairs of helical springs, and a bol,- ster supported on said elliptic springs and the spring caps over said helical springs and formed with portions interlocking with said spring caps.

' 10. In a railway truck, in combination, a side frame comprising compression and tension lnembers spaced at intermediate p0rtions thereof by bolster guide columns leaving a window opening therebetween, that portion of the tension member beneath the window opening being laterally widened with the junction between it and the bolster guide columns reinforced by upwardly embossed portions, a nest of springs seated on said portion of the tension member, said springs comprising elliptic springs disposed between said embossed portions and helical springs disposed on opposite sides of said elliptic springs and embossed portions, spring caps supported on the pairs of helical springs positioned on opposite sides of'said embossed-portions and bridging the space above said portions and ',a'bolster supported on said spring caps and elliptic springs.

111.In a railway truck, in combination, a side frame comprising a compression member, a tension member, bolster guide columns spacing intermediate portions of said members and leaving a window opening therebetween, that portion Of the tension member beneath the rwindow opening being formed with embossments 'extending upwardly in the angles between 'the ends thereof and the bolster guide columns, aspring plank supported on said tension member and formed with corrugations interlocking with the embossements to maintain the plank in proper relation with respect tothe frame, a nest of c springs supported on said plank and comprising elliptic springs disposed adjacent the center line of said plank, helical springs disposed-adjacent the sides of said` plank and said corrugations, spring caps bridging pairs of helical springs and the corrugations therebetween and formed with bolster guide port-ions interlocking with the bolster guide columns, and a bolster supported on said elliptic springs and spring caps and formed with portions interlocking with said spring caps.

12. In combination with .a side frame having a bolster opening andv a spring supporting portion therebeneath, a nest of bolster springs supported by said portion and formed as a set of elliptic springs with helical springs arranged on either side thereof.

13. In combination with a side frame having a bolster opening, a nest of bolster springs comprising elliptic springs and spaced helical springs disposed on opposite spring set and portions on either side thereof for resting on helical springs.

16. A bolster comprising an upwardly offset portion for resting on and receiving an elliptic spring set and depending portions on opposite sides thereof for resting on andinterlocking with associated spring caps adapted to be supported by helical springs.

17. A spring plank formed with corrugations at the sides thereof near the ends for interlocking with corresponding embossments on an associated side frame and an aperture between said embossments for permitting an 'associated elliptic spring set to rest directly on the side frame whereby it is properly centered with respect to said plank.

18. In a railway truck, in combination, a side frame, formed with compression and tension members spaced at intermediate portions thereof by bolster guide columns leaving a. Window opening therebetween, the tension member'beneath the window opening being formed' with a spring supporting portion, and a nest of springs supported by said portion and disposed in said window opening directly above said tension member, said nest comprising elliptic springs and helical springs, saill helical springs being of such a height that they do not come" into action un- 10 til the elliptic springs have been stressed a predetermined amount.

19. In a railway truck, in combination, a side frame formed with compression and tension members spaced at intermediate por- 41g; tions lthereof by bolster guide columns leaving a bolster opening therebetween, the tension member beneath the bolster opening being formed with a spring seating portion and a nest of springs seated on said spring seating portion and comprising elliptic 4springs and helical springs for supporting the bolster load, said elliptic springs being arranged with their axes transverse to the plane of said side frame.

20. In combination with a side frame having a bolster opening and a spring supporting portion` the side vvalls of said bolster opening and said spring supporting portion being formed as an integral casting, and bolster springs supported by said spring supporting portion, said bolster springs com- Drising a set of elliptic springs and a set of helical springs, one of said sets intervening between the springs ot the other set. A

21. A spring nest adapted for insertion in the bolster opening of a railway vehicle side frame comprising a set of helical lsprings and a set of elliptic springs, one of said sets intervening between the springs of the other 40 set.

BYERS W. KADEL.

DONALD S. BARROWS1 

